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1. Fight against oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation, and protect biomolecules.

(1) The phenolic hydroxyl group in its molecule can directly scavenge ROS (such as hydroxyl radicals and superoxide anions) and reduce DNA oxidative damage (such as the generation of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine);

(2) It inhibits lipid peroxidation, protects the integrity of cell membranes (especially mitochondrial membranes), and reduces the deposition of lipofuscin (a characteristic pigment of aging cells);

(3) It upregulates the endogenous antioxidant system (such as the expression of enzymes such as SOD and GSH-Px), thereby enhancing the cell's own antioxidant defense capacity.

2. Eliminate "senescent cells" and delay tissue aging.

(1) Senescent cells ("zombie cells") are cells that have lost their ability to divide but remain viable. They secrete large amounts of proinflammatory cytokines and proteases (known as the "senescence-associated secretory phenotype," SASP), accelerating the aging of surrounding cells and acting as a key driver of tissue aging.

(2) Inhibiting the survival signals of senescent cells (such as the PI3K/Akt pathway) weakens their destructive effects on tissues. This effect has been demonstrated in aging models of skin, bone, and blood vessels.

3. Protect telomere length and delay cell replication and aging.

Telomeres, the protective caps at the ends of chromosomes, shorten with each cell division. When telomeres reach a critical length, cells enter a state of senescence.

Resveratrol can slow telomere shortening by activating telomerase, an enzyme that lengthens telomeres. At the same time, its antioxidant properties can reduce direct damage to telomeric DNA caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS), maintaining telomere structure and extending the cell's replicative lifespan.